Failure Of Materials Essay Example for Free

Failure Of Materials EssayFailure of materials is an compend in mas bourninding world, to approach and determining about how and wherefore a materials has failed, like iron bar, why it move crocked or porous. Some general causes of failure argon structural leading, wear wearing and latent defects.Failure of materials must be experiencen by an engineer, safety is the first word when engineer working building structure. They bottom of the inning non take random about materials that is used. They must know strength, flexibility, and wear off of materials. For adding, with developing and updating software or research that had be done by company, well more easily to know the characteristic of materials that we use.TYPICAL OF FAILURE OF MATERIALSFatigue FailuresMetal wear is caused by repeated cycle of the load below its static yield strength. It is a continuous tense localized damage due to fluctuate stresses and strains on the material. Metal fatigue cracks initiate and propagate in regions where the strain is most severe. The process of fatigue consists of three stages Initial crack initiation, Progressive crack growth across the part, and Final sudden intermission of the remaining cross section.Corrosion FailuresCorrosion is chemically induced damage to a material that results in deterioration of the material and its properties. It is most coming from environment. Corrosion is normal, it is can not be removed, but can be minimized with several strategy like proper choice of material, design, coatings, and occasionally by changing the environment. Various types of metallic and nonmetallic coatings are regularly used to protect metal parts from corroding. If corrosion can be minimized, materials be able to use and more advantage. pliable and Brittle Metal FailuresDuctile metals experience observable plastic deformation prior to fracture. Brittle metals experience little or no plastic deformation prior to fracture. At times metals behave in a tr ansitional agency partially malleable/brittle. Ductile fracture is characterized by tearing of metal and significant plastic deformation. The elastic fracture may have a gray, fibrous appearance. Ductile fractures are associated with overload of the structure or large discontinuities.High Temperature FailuresIn physics theory, when a materials is being warm, they will expand than original size. We know about boilers, gas turbine engines, and ovens are some of the systems that have components that experience creep. An understanding of high temperature materials behavior is ripeFailures involving creep are usually easy to identify due to the deformation that occurs. Failures may appear ductile or brittle. While creep testing is done at constant temperature and constant load material components may experience damage at various temperatures and loading conditions. in evaluating failures in these types of systems. High temperature progressive deformation of a material at constant s tress is called creep. High temperature is a relative term that is dependent on the materials being evaluated.Liquid Metal and Hydrogen embitterment FailuresLiquid metal embitterment is the decrease in ductility of a metal caused by contact with liquid metal. The decrease in ductility can result in ruinous brittle failure of a normally ductile material. Very itty-bitty amounts of liquid metal are sufficient to result in embitterment.The liquid metal can not only reduce the ductility but significantly reduce waxy strength. Liquid metal embitterment is an seductive type of failure as it can occur at loads below yield stress. Thus, catastrophic failure can occur without significant deformation or obvious deterioration of the component.Hydrogen embitterment failures are frequently unexpected and sometimes catastrophic. An externally applied load is not required as the tensile stresses may be due to residual stresses in the material. The threshold stresses to cause cracking are usua lly below the yield stress of the material.Very small amounts of hydrogen can cause hydrogen embitterment in high strength steels. Common causes of hydrogen embitterment are pickling, electroplating and welding, however hydrogen embitterment is not limited to these processes. there are causes of materials failure, but not disease that not have medicine. Every materials that we use have a protection, protection come from our knowledge about characteristic of materials as chemical composition, using guide or calculation and appointment the materials for our structure.Addition, many factory, metal producing majority, also publish list of their product that have sum about characteristic ( strength, elasticity, endure and treatment).BibliographyOmens, J. H., MacKenna, D. A., and McCulloch, A. D. Measurement of Strain and Analysis of Stress in Resting Rat leftfield Ventricular Myocardium. J. Biomech Press,1993.TCR design Services Technical Team. White Paper Investigating Material and Component Failure. TCR Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. India, 2004.Haut Donahue, T. L., Gregersen, C., Hull, M. L., and Howell, S. M. Comparison of Viscoelastic, Structural, and Material Properties. ASME, 1994.